A 90° elbow is a piping connector that allows a pipe to be turned 90 degrees either horizontally or vertically. These elbows are used in piping systems to change the direction of fluid flow. 90° elbows are usually made from the same material as the pipe to ensure that they have the same strength and corrosion resistance when connected to the pipe. They can be connected to the pipe by welding, threaded connections, flanged connections or clamp connections. 90° elbows play an important role in the design and installation of piping systems. They not only enable the steering of pipelines, but also can be used to adjust the length, height or angle of the pipeline to adapt to specific installation environments or meet specific process requirements. In addition, 90° elbows can be used to reduce fluid shock and vibration in piping systems, improving system stability and safety.